‘eSign’ gets used loosely — sometimes it means a typed name, sometimes a legally-recognised signature. Here’s what it actually means in India, and what counts.
‘eSign’ is shorthand for an electronic signature — a way of signing a document electronically instead of with pen and paper. In India, the term most often refers to Aadhaar-based eSign, but it also covers Digital Signature Certificates (DSC) and OTP-based signing.
An electronic signature is the broad category — any electronic method of indicating agreement. A digital signature is a specific, cryptographically-secured type, typically using a Digital Signature Certificate. Aadhaar eSign sits within the electronic-signature framework recognised by Indian law.
All digital signatures are electronic signatures, but not all electronic signatures are digital signatures.
The common methods are Aadhaar OTP eSign (sign with an OTP, no hardware), Digital Signature Certificate / DSC (certificate-based, often used by authorised signatories), and OTP-based signing for supported workflows.
Electronic signatures are recognised under the Information Technology Act, 2000. An eSign performed through a licensed service following the prescribed process is treated as a valid signature for most agreements, with a few specific exclusions. On IOUX, every eSign is paired with eKYC, correct stamping and a court-admissible record.
This article is general information about Indian law and practice, not legal advice. Rules vary by state and change over time — confirm the current position for your situation before relying on it.
Related guides: eSign Online · Is Aadhaar eSign valid? · Court-admissible evidence